The Habit That Makes You Eat More

It might be hard to cut your nightly Dexter marathon short, but watch out—staying up late may do more than make you sluggish the next day. Cutting back on sleep increases the likelihood of indulging in fatty, high-cal fare at night, which leads to weight gain, finds new research.

For the study, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine followed a control group of 27 participants who went to bed at 10 p.m. and another group of 198 who went to bed at 4 a.m. They found that the sleep-restricted subjects consumed about 550 calories—a good portion of which came from fat—after their well-rested counterparts had gone to sleep. After five consecutive nights of limited rest, participants in the second group had gained an average of more than two pounds.

Night-time munching happens for a few reasons, says lead study author Andrea M. Spaeth, MA, a doctoral candidate at the University of Pennsylvania. For starters, the longer you stay awake, the more time you have to eat. But losing sleep also appears to increase the desire for high-fat and high-calorie foods. Although it’s unclear why you get these cravings, calorie-dense foods are almost always available these days—so it’s easy for people to overindulge, says Spaeth. It’s also possible that willpower diminishes in the wee hours of the night, making it difficult to say no to pleasurable, fatty food, she says.

Lisa Moskovitz, RD, CDN, owner of Manhattan-based practice Your New York Dietician, who was not involved with the study, agrees. “People often associate being home at night with feelings of comfort, causing them to care less about the consequences of their not-so-healthy food choices,” she says. While it’s best to get a good night’s sleep, that may not always be possible. When you can’t get to bed at a reasonable hour, Moskovitz suggests these four simple ways to ward off late-night cravings:

Eat breakfast
If you know you have a long night ahead of you, make sure to eat a healthy breakfast. Studies show that skipping meals during the day—especially breakfast—increases cravings for high-calorie, carb-rich foods at night. Moskovitz suggests pairing proteins with carbs—think eggs with whole-wheat toast or Greek yogurt with fruit—to keep cravings under control all day long.

Don’t mindlessly munch while watching the Kardashians
If you do get hungry, it’s OK to have a healthy midnight snack—just don’t eat it in front of the TV. Stuffing your face in front of the tube can lead to mindless snacking and decreases food satisfaction, which leads to overeating, says Moskovitz.

Keep treats out of the house
Skip the junk food and stock the kitchen with healthy fare like low-fat microwave popcorn, low-fat frozen yogurt, fresh fruit, and veggies. If your roommate, family, or S.O. keeps not-so-healthy snacks around, store them in hard-to-reach places. Research shows that we’re more likely to eat whatever food is easily accessible, so this will help keep junk food out of sight and out of mind.

Get busy
If sitting around makes your stomach grumble, recruit your man for a late-night workout. Sex stimulates feel-good chemicals in the brain, which can block urges to snack or overeat, says Moskovitz. Is your partner out of town? Any exercise that gets your heart pumping (in or out of the bedroom) will help ward off the temptation for unneeded calories, so even just doing some jumping jacks or jogging in place can help.

More from Women’s Health:
The Time You’re Most Likely to Binge
The Night You’re Most Likely to Have Sleep Trouble
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The Annoying Habit You Need to Break

When a friend says she likes your outfit, how do you respond? A recent Inside Amy Schumer skit suggests that most of us self implode (heads up: Seriously NSFW):

Of course, this scene is a bit extreme—but it gets at a real issue that many women face with trash-talking themselves and their bodies. Unfortunately, dissing yourself doesn’t help you fit in—it actually makes you less likeable, according to a new study conducted by University of Notre Dame’s Body Image and Eating Disorder Lab.

In the study, 139 normal-weight undergraduate women ranked the likeability of noticeably thin or noticeably overweight women’s photos. Some were pictured next to statements researchers defined as “fat talk”—self-disparaging comments about food, weight, or other insecurities—while others were pictured next to positive statements about their body image. And while people who engaged in fat talk were the least likeable, regardless of their weight, women who spoke highly of themselves were rated as the most likable.

Why? It’s only natural to be drawn to people who are positive, confident, and comfortable with themselves—both psychologically and physically, says study co-author Michaela Bucchianeri, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Minnesota. When you’re around someone who accepts her body, you’re encouraged to shed your insecurities and embrace your own shape. And as a result, your mood soars.

On the flip side, previous studies have shown that fat talk is contagious—just like in the Inside clip. And since fat chat is associated with—and can actually cause—body dissatisfaction, you’re much more likely to walk away feeling badly about yourself, says Bucchianeri. “Whether these comments are made out of a need for belonging, desire for reassurance from others, or simple habit, the evidence suggests it can only hurt us, not help us,” she says.

But because you likely hear people diss their bodies all the time, it can be especially tricky to cut it out of your conversations. Use Bucchianeri’s strategies to curb fat talk (and keep your friends):

Focus on your assets
So you hate your cankles. The key to feeling better about them—or at least not complaining about them all the time—lies in choosing to focus on the other things that more than make up for your slightly thicker-than-normal ankles, says Bucchianeri. Maybe you’re super-proud of your sharp wit, for example, or the fact that you can command a boardroom without breaking a sweat.

If you’re so stuck in a negative mindset that you’re struggling to come up with a reason you rock, phone a friend or parent and ask them for a refresher course on your strengths. Everyone has at least a few things they totally own—and hearing someone else articulate them may be just the kick in the pants you need to snap out of your funk.

Make compliments count
Often, well-intentioned compliments (i.e., “You look amazing in that dress! Did you lose weight?”) can trigger other people’s fat talk (i.e., “I got so fat that nothing else fits.”). And that leads you to chime in. So, instead of just commenting on a coworker’s appearance, praise the qualities you can’t see—like her awesome personality traits (“You give the world’s best advice!”).

When you hear fat talk, change the conversation
If your friend says she got so fat this winter and you chime in with “Ugh, me too!” your reaction doesn’t make her feel better; it just reinforces her negativity, says Bucchianeri. Instead, tell her you hate hearing her talk like that because she has so many positive qualities. Then name them to give your point more impact. And if her fat chat is incessant? Bucchianeri suggests saying, “I’m uncomfortable with all of the focus on weight when we get together. Can we talk about something else?”

If you’re genuinely dissatisfied with your body…
Take charge with a new workout or some simple diet tweaks. But first, make sure you’re taking on healthier habits for the right reason. “Consistent exercisers who see working out as part of their lifestyle, rather than as a way to change their appearance, have the most success keeping weight off,” says J. Graham Thomas, Ph.D., an assistant professor at the Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center at Brown Medical School.

Instead of dwelling on the svelte figure you want, focus on the awesome benefits of treating your body well—like having more energy, more strength, and maintaining a better mood. And when someone compliments you about how awesome you look as a result? Just say “thank you!”

Additional reporting by Araina Bond
photo: iStockphoto/Thinkstock

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Too Legit To Quit: Workout Motivation
Bikini Confidence Boosters
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The Bad Habit That Hurts Your Job Performance

Juggling fifty different projects at once might make you feel like Superwoman—but don’t get a hero complex just yet. According to a recent study from researchers at the University of Utah, people who multitask are actually less productive than people who focus on one thing at a time. Even more depressing: people who believe themselves to be master multitaskers are seriously overestimating their capabilities. Oops.

In the study, researchers asked 310 students about their multitasking abilities—and then gave them tests to prove themselves, like asking them to calculate simple mathematical equations while remembering a sequence of letters. Despite the fact that 70 percent of participants believed they had above-average multitasking skills, the students who focused on a single job at hand scored higher on actual multitasking ability than the ones who had their attention split.

Blame a lack of focus. “If we don’t have a clear set of goals, we’ll find too many irrelevant things seemingly important,” says David Sanbonmatsu, Ph.D., co-author of the study.

Want to get out of the multitasking mindset? Use these tricks to help divide and conquer your to-do list:

Turn off your distractions
Your blinking cell phone, the pop-up window for email, and that GChat message ding all disrupt your concentration and prolong your work. Laura Stark, author of What to Do When There’s Too Much to Do, suggests adjusting your notifications to only alert you of messages from important people like your boss. You can respond to your BFF’s latest crisis during your lunch hour.

Talk about deadlines
Your boss may throw five different assignments at you, but she doesn’t need all of them at once. Don’t assume you’re free to do whatever job your boss gives you whenever you feel like, Starks says. People forget about their relative priorities because they tend to tackle projects that are the most fun for them first. Ask whoever handed you the assignments when they need them done and change your priorities accordingly.

Know when you’re most energized
Are you a morning go-getter or do you find yourself breezing through assignments mid-afternoon? You don’t want to work on complicated assignments when your brain is ready to snooze. “Understand when you’re most active because then you’ll be in the mindset to tackle bigger tasks and problems that require more energy,” Stark says. Knock out the smaller tasks that don’t need much brainpower when you’re not in a work mood. Save the bigger responsibilities for when you know you’ll be able to put in the effort needed to do a solid job.

Keep a running list of duties
Every night after work, jot down the main goals you need to take care of for the following day. Break down each task into its component parts, so that you know specifically what you need to do for each one, and how to prioritize each portion. To keep track of it all, download the task-listing app Clear to both your smartphone and your computer. It’s a simple cloud-based way to keep track of your to-do list, whether you’re at work or out and about.

Keep a “later” log
One reason that people have a hard time getting tasks accomplished: They get distracted with other, equally important tasks in the middle of working on the first, Stark says. The best way to combat the task distraction? Jot down any new thoughts onto a note-pad (or in your Clear app), and then immediately return to the job at hand. Once you’re done with the job in front of you, then you can attend to and prioritize the new item on your to-do list.

photo: Christos Georghiou/Shutterstock.com

More from Women’s Health:
20 Ways to Get More Done at Work
5 Ways to Beat Job Burnout
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The Single Girl’s Trashy Habit

Be honest: Do you recycle? If you live with a man, you’re more likely to answer “yes”. That’s because mixed-sex couples recycle more than singles, according to a recent UK survey conducted by the University of Essex.

Surveyors polled 2,000 singles and 3,000 couples on their housekeeping habits, like whether they separate recyclables. The results? Nearly 80 percent of mixed-sex couples recycle, but fewer singles can say the same: Just 69 percent of women who live solo are recyclers, and only 58 percent of bachelors do it too.

“Couples may recycle more than singles because they share the burden,” says study leader Hazel Pettifor, Ph.D. candidate at the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex. Of course, it’s easier to separate recycles or take them to a recycling center than it is to complete both tasks on your own. But just as modern women don’t need men to take the trash out, you don’t need a beau to put recyclable waste in the green or blue bin.

When you toss your bottles and cans and shopping bags in the garbage, you increase the amount of waste sent to landfills, and the pollution that ensues. To sustain the environment for your kids and theirs, buy four bins and begin to separate the easy stuff: glass, paper, and plastic. Then, find out about local pick up or drop off options in your area with this tool.

Then follow these easy guidelines:

GLASS:
After a quick rinse, your empty wine and beer bottles and jars are ready to be recycled. Don’t worry about labels (they’ll burn off in the recycling process), but remove metal caps and neck rings: they can damage the furnace during the recycling process, according to Earth911.

PAPER:
Magazines, newspapers, cardboard, cartons, junk mail, and paper bags are all recyclable. Use a square bin with wheels instead of a round one to keep paper recycles neat and easy to transport to your curb or car.

PLASTIC:
Flip over a plastic bottle to find the little triangle with the number in the middle, and find out whether it’s recyclable. Your municipality has the last word on what goes curbside, but typically, it’s plastics number 1 (found in bottles that hold detergent, beverages, and salad dressing) and number 2 (cleaning product bottles, grocery bags, and yogurt cups). Put the plastic for pick up in one bin, and numbers 3 through 7 in another: they’re rarely picked up, but you can find a place to deposit them here.

Additional reporting by the Editors of Women’s Health
photo: BananaStock/Thinkstock

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The Verbal Habit You Need to Break

Chances are you’re guilty of this verbal faux-pas: Researchers coined the term “uptalk” to refer to that rising, questioning tone many people tack on to the end of a sentence (think of how it sounds when you say, “You know?”). It makes your statements sound like questions, which can come across as uncertainty. The bad news: Women use uptalk way more often than men do—even when they’re totally sure of themselves, according to a recent article in the journal Gender & Society.

Using the game show Jeopardy! as a case study, Thomas Linneman, Ph.D, associate professor at the College of William & Mary, examined the use of uptalk in contestants throughout 100 episodes. Even though the show requires players to answer in the form of a question, most contestants still respond with statements. On average, contestants used uptalk 37% of the time, but women were more likely to use it—even on correct responses.

And being in the lead had a surprising impact. “If you’re really successful on the show, that’s going to play into how sure you are of yourself,” says Linneman. “And that was true for men. The more a man was ahead in the game, the less he used uptalk. But the opposite was true for women. The further ahead they were in the game, the more they used uptalk.” So even when women were killing it on the show, they still subconsciously talked like they weren’t sure of their answers.

One explanation might be that women don’t want to flaunt their success as much as men do. “Unfortunately, the literature shows that successful or aggressive women are penalized for that,” says Linneman. It’s possible that this is a subconscious way to downplay that power.

But sounding confident is crucial, whether you’re at a business meeting or a cocktail party. Follow these expert tips to speak with conviction.

Hit record
“Use your smartphone or recorder to tape yourself if you’re giving a presentation or expected to speak in a meeting. Then play it back when you’re alone,” says Linneman. It’s the best way to identify any speech patterns you need to work on.

Mirror a pro
Younger women use uptalk far more frequently than older generations, says Linneman. Take a cue from a seasoned colleague who rocks a proposal or watch a TED talk from a powerful speaker like Sheryl Sandberg. Focus in on how her tone of voice makes her sound more authoritative, then mimic that until you’ve got it down.

Treat your nerves
Uptalk often comes out when you’re most insecure. “The underlying questions behind it are, ‘Do you know what I mean? Are you listening?’” says Boulder, Colorado-based speaking coach Andi O’Conor, Ph.D., founder of Communication Consulting, Inc. “Go in with the mindset that you know what you’re talking about.” If you address the insecurity, the uptalk may disappear.

Recruit a buddy
Vocal habits are hard to break, so don’t be afraid to bring in reinforcements. Let a friend know you’re trying to cut back so they can tell you when you’re doing it, says Linneman. Bonus if you can get a trusted coworker to give you a signal mid-meeting whenever your voice starts to rise.

Keep it short
Remember that you don’t need to give a speech when a comment will suffice. “When someone turns the spotlight on you, we feel pressured to construct some elaborate response,” says O’Conor. If you’re unsure of yourself, just say something short and to the point like, “That’s so interesting, I never thought about it like that,” before turning it over to the next person.

Don’t lose steam
Bringing your voice down at the end of a sentence can be just as toxic as bringing it up higher. “The most important information in a sentence is at the end,” says O’Conor. “But that’s where we tend to drop off.” Stay aware of this and practice maintaining your enthusiasm all the way to the end of the statement. It’s a subtle difference, but it will keep listeners engaged.

Stay mindful of gestures
Your body language can help you or hurt you. Beware of leaning in, which many people do when they’re nervously trying to get a point across. And avoid unnecessary hand-talking. “You want your gestures to be like punctuation for the sentence,” says O’Conor. “They should always be intentional.”

Show off your passion
You’ll always sound more confident talking about things you’re interested in—but it usually isn’t appropriate to loop Ryan Gosling gossip into a work meeting. Regardless of the topic, find a way to add in an expressive anecdote or simply start off by saying how excited you are about these new developments. “Love what you’re going to say. If you don’t love it, change it,” says O’Conor. “When you’re bored, that’s when you start to sound unsure and insecure.”

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The Bad Habit That Rots Your Brain

In addition to increasing your risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and canyon-deep wrinkles, smoking cigarettes also clouds your brain. People who smoke perform worse on cognitive tests than non-smokers, according to a new study published in the journal Age and Ageing.

Researchers from King’s College London analyzed data on the health and lifestyle habits of more than 8,000 adults over the age of 50. The subjects then participated in cognitive performance tests, such as memorizing new words and naming as many animals as they could in a minute. They repeated the tests during 4- and 8-year follow-ups. Current smokers scored the lowest on tests of memory, learning, and reasoning skills.

While the exact reason is unknown, smoking increases the risk of vascular disease, brain lesions, and lung injuries, all of which have been linked to cognitive impairment, according to Alex Dregan, Ph.D, study researcher and lecturer in Translational Epidemiology and Public Health at King’s College London. (Learn about additional harmful effects of smoking, here.)

Here’s the good news: Quitting smoking doesn’t just stop the damage to your noggin—it can also reverse it. “Ex-smokers do not show poorer cognitive performance compared to never-smokers,” Dregan says. “Thus, it is never too late to quit smoking.”

Tried before? You’re not alone. While half of smokers try to shake the habit each year, only 6.2% succeed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fortunately, these tips can more than triple your chances of quitting the cancer sticks for good. Here, five ways to stop smoking:

Mark Your Calendar
Choose a quit date two to four weeks out and write it down, suggests Andrea King, Ph.D., clinic director of The University of Chicago Medicine’s Tobacco Cessation Program. By giving your smoking a cut-off date, you decrease your chances of putting it off “just one more day.” Just be sure to choose your date wisely: Since major life changes can be triggering to light up again, throwing out your pack on the day of a big work presentation might not be the best course of action, she says.

Embrace Modern Medicine
Talk to your doctor about smoking cessation programs near you, as well as medications that could help you fight the addiction. Withdrawal symptoms—such as tingling, sweating, depression, and even cold symptoms as the lungs clear—can be managed with medication to increase your chances of success, according to King. When you set your quit date, keep in mind that some drugs including CHANTIX and Zyban are directed for use a week before you stop smoking.

Don’t Be an Island
Forget “fight or flight”—women have what UCLA researchers call a “tend and befriend” response to stress, due to mounting levels of oxytocin (aka the cuddle hormone). So to effectively deal with a stressful situation like kicking an addiction, women need support, King says. Talk to your friends about how you are doing and how they can best encourage you.

Keep a “Wrap” Sheet
Wrap and tape a piece of paper around your pack of cigarettes. Every time you light up, write down the time, place, what kind of mood you are in, and how important you feel smoking is at that moment. Then, once you’re done, rate how good the cigarette was from 1-10, King advises. By monitoring your smoking for a week or two, you can identify your triggers. What’s more, you can start to cut back on your habit by eliminating each day’s so-so smokes.

Rev Your Metabolism
The average woman gains about 8 pounds when she stops smoking, according to King. “It can be a huge deterrent and causes many women to give up on quit attempts,” she says. As a stimulant, nicotine can increase your metabolic burn by up to 200 calories a day, according to a 2010 study published in Nutrition & Metabolism. Stop smoking, and you start burning calories more slowly. Luckily, plenty of healthy habits like strength training, eating breakfast, and staying hydrated can boost your metabolism. Take up these habits as a way to feel more in control of your progress.

photo: Hemera/Thinkstock

More from WH:
What Happens to Your Body When You Smoke
How to Quit Smoking Without Gaining Weight
Why Women Smoke


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The Nighttime Habit That Makes You Depressed

You probably know that light from your TV or computer can keep you awake. But new research suggests that exposure to bright lights at night can make you depressed and forgetful, even if it doesn’t impact your sleep patterns, according to a new study published in the journal Nature.

Researchers exposed rodents to alternating periods of light and dark for 14 days. Then, researchers tested the mice for behavioral and hormonal signs of depression and brain functioning. The altered-light cycle caused a spike in the stress hormone cortisol, which led to depression-like symptoms, delayed learning, and adverse effects on the rodents’ memory—even though the mice got sufficient sleep throughout the experiment.

Researchers have long known that altered cycles of bright light exposure (i.e., little natural light during the day, and artificial light from your laptop or TV at night) can affect sleep patterns, and that sleep deprivation can cause depression. “What shocked me was that you could get a depression-like effect without sleep deprivation or circadian-rhythm change,” says Samer Hattar, Ph.D., a biology professor at the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University.

According to Hattar, because both mice and humans perceive light using the same type of optical photoreceptors, it’s possible that the study findings could apply to humans, too. Meaning: Getting too much light after the sun sets, but before you go to sleep, could be putting a damper on your mood, mind, and behavior–even if you’re sleeping like a baby.

Ideally, you should get as much light as possible when the sun is out, and shut out all light sources when the sun goes down. Of course, that’s not always realistic, particularly in the winter when the sun sometimes sets before 5 p.m. Luckily, you don’t have to eliminate all light sources to sidestep adverse effects. Instead, dim the depressing effects of light after dark with these tips:

Take a lunch break. Exposure to higher intensity, natural light during the daytime will activate your photoreceptors to reinforce your intrinsic light cycle. Even shaded areas will provide some natural sunlight, which will have a positive impact, says Hattar. While longer exposure time is better, aim to escape from your office for at least a fifteen-minute mid-day walk around the block every day.

Ditch the dark sunglasses. Shades with light-colored lenses will help let the light into your photoreceptors when you step outside when the sun’s still shining.

Power down. “At night our vision is more sensitive,” says Hattar, who recommends candlelight as a less-harsh alternative to artificial light. While candles might set the mood for a romantic meal, they won’t be much help when you need to navigate the kitchen, or do other after-dark tasks. Instead, turn off any lights and devices you don’t really need to see after night fall: Switch off harsh overhead lights while watching TV, and opt for lamp light or diffused task lighting pointed away from you when you do need to see.

Opt for red or brown lampshades. Diffuse artificial lights with a lampshade in a warm color to prevent exposure to the bulb’s bluish glow. Our eyes are less sensitive to red light than blue, which reduces the sleep hormone melatonin, according to 2010 study published in the International Journal of Endocrinology.

Dim your device. Fifty percent of workers read or respond to work emails from bed, according to a 2012 poll by Good Technology, a Sunnyvale, Calif., mobile-security software company. To minimize adverse effects if you’re on call after dark, read your iPad, iPhone, or computer screen in the dark, and reduce its brightness by half. Then hold it as far away from your face as you can while still being able to read.  

photo: Photo.com/Thinkstock

 

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Is Your Drinking Habit Deadly?

Maybe you enjoy a glass of wine with dinner, or look forward to a few margaritas at happy hour. What’s the harm, right? But it can be easy to forget that a few drinks here and there add up quickly over the weeks and months, potentially causing cumulative, long-term health effects. In fact, new research warns that booze-loving women are risking much more than a morning-after headache—their wine habit might actually contribute to an early demise.

To reach that conclusion, researchers in Germany tracked the drinking habits of 4,000 adults for 14 years. The results: The annual death rates among women diagnosed with alcoholism was 4.6 times higher than women who didn’t drink excessively—a difference was more than double the risk for alcoholic men.

And consider this scary statistic: The mean lifespan among women who abused alcohol was only 60—around 20 years younger than that of the general population.

It makes sense that these women are worse off than men, largely because female bodies are less capable of metabolizing alcohol, says Elizabeth Epstein, PhD, a professor in the Center of Alcohol Studies at Rutger’s University. “Women are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of drinking alcohol,” she says. “And it takes fewer years for our bodies to suffer the bad effects of too much drinking.”

Those effects include an increased risk of liver disease, breast cancer, brain damage, and heart disease. Plus, Epstein says, the caloric heft of alcoholic beverages means that women who imbibe frequently are in danger of becoming overweight or obese, which can carry additional implications.

Figuring out if you’re at-risk of alcohol dependence, or already in its throes, can be tricky. Generally speaking, more than three drinks on a given day each week is considered “high-risk” behavior. “That’s less than people would think,” Epstein says. She suggests pulling out a measuring cup to remind yourself what 5 oz. of wine—a standard serving—really looks like.

Other troubling signs include lying to loved ones about how much you’re drinking, blanking on events from a previous alcohol-heavy evening, or thinking about when that first drink of the day is going to happen, Epstein says.

Unfortunately, women aren’t only more likely than men to die early from alcoholism, they’re also less likely to seek help. “Women tend to be ashamed of their drinking, or worried about hurting their families,” Epstein says. “The most important thing is to speak up, and yet so many aren’t doing it.” Your primary doc is a great place to start.

photo: Ron Chapple Studios/Thinkstock

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How Alcohol Affects Your Body
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