Short Walks After Meals Can Help Fend Off Diabetes

After dinner, you probably just want to kick off your shoes, curl up on the couch, and fire up your DVR—but here’s why you shouldn’t: Taking a 15-minute post-meal walk can help regulate your blood sugar level and reduce your risk of type-2 diabetes, according to a new study conducted by researchers at the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services (SPHHS).

In the study, 10 healthy seniors spent three 48-hour spans in a lab. During each session, participants ate the same foods and followed one of three exercise routines: They either walked at an easy-to-moderate pace on a treadmill for 15 minutes after each meal, walked 45 minutes in the morning, or walked 45 minutes in the afternoon. In each of the three scenarios, researchers continuously monitored participants’ blood sugar levels. What they found: The short post-meal walks were more effective at regulating blood sugar levels for up to 24 hours.

Why this is so key: Typically, your body can handle the normal blood sugar fluctuations that occur about 30 minutes after you eat: Your pancreas releases insulin, which sends the sugar to your liver, where it’s stored as fuel. But as you get older (or if you’re inactive throughout the day), your body doesn’t react as efficiently, which leads to prolonged high blood sugar levels, says lead study author Loretta DiPietro, PhD, MPH, chair of the department of exercise science at SPHHS. Over time, this can damage the walls of your cardiovascular system, heighten your risk of getting type 2 diabetes and heart disease, affect brain functioning, and even lead to blindness, she says.

Luckily, exercise triggers muscle contractions that work like insulin. Why are post-meal walks more effective than a single 45-minute stroll at another time? They jump-start this process exactly when your body needs it: When sugar enters the blood stream, says DiPietro.

Can’t swing a walk after every meal? Focus on moving more about 30 minutes after you eat your largest meal of the day or after you eat carbohydrate-rich dishes (like pasta or rice) or super-sweet foods (like donuts and sugary drinks). All of these cause your blood sugar to spike faster and hit higher levels, says DiPietro. Bonus: She says that walking can also help you sidestep that post-meal energy zap—so you’ll actually be able to stay awake when you do sit down to catch up on those DVR’d shows.

photo: iStockphoto/Thinkstock

More from WH:
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Why Fit People Get Diabetes
The Right Way to Walk

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Do Artificial Sweeteners Really Cause Diabetes?

Diet sips and snacks may not be as healthy as you think, according to new research published in the journal Diabetes Care. Sucralose, one of the most popular artificial sweeteners on the market, may cause a spike in insulin secretion, finds a team of researchers at Washington School of Medicine in St. Louis.

Since artificial sweeteners are often marketed as weight-loss aids, researchers chose to study the effects of sucralose on 17 obese, diabetes-free adults who rarely consumed sugar substitutes. In one session of the small clinical trial, participants were instructed to drink either water or a dose of liquid sucralose (about the amount in a 12-ounce can of diet soda) before taking a 75-gram serving of glucose (as if they were consuming the drink with food). As a control, the team repeated the experiment a week later with the same group, but doled out water to the participants who’d had sucralose in the initial test and vice versa.

When insulin levels were measured 90 minutes later, the participants who had consumed the sucralose had insulin concentrations 20 percent higher than those who had sipped water. Researchers also noted that the blood sugar of people who’d had the sucralose-spiked drinks peaked at a higher level than it did in those who didn’t have the sweetener.

Although a surge of insulin is a healthy response to a sugar rush, repeatedly flooding your body with sugar could lead to insulin insensitivity. Normally, the pancreas will bump insulin production to compensate for cells’ blunted response to insulin’s regulation of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, but if left unchecked, the concentration of sugar and fatty acids in the blood will build up and could lead to type 2 diabetes.

Since the clinical trial only tested the effects of sucralose in a small group of adults during two sessions, researchers say additional studies need to be carried out to figure out whether or not artificial sweeteners actually pose a health risk—so they caution against jumping to conclusions. “To say that sucralose causes diabetes is stretching our study results too much,” says lead study author Yanina Pepino, PhD, research assistant professor of medicine at Washington School of Medicine in St. Louis. “It’s not exactly what we measured.”

Still, it’s clear that sucking down zero-calorie fizzy drinks with a meal affects your body in ways the ultimate diet drink—water—does not, she says. Although it’s not yet clear how the human body detects artificial sweeteners, Pepino says previous studies in animals suggest taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas prompt the body to react as it would to sugar.

So what’s a girl to do? “As a dietitian, my two cents would be that everything should be taken in moderation,” says Gina Crome, RD, founder of Lifestyle Management Solutions. “That includes artificial sweeteners.” Crome recommends keeping soda consumption to two or fewer servings per day, regardless of the sugar content.

For a worry-free beverage, jazz up a glass of seltzer or tap water with lemon or lime wedges, berries, crushed herbs, or sliced ginger.

photo: iStockphoto/Thinkstock

More from Women’s Health:
“What’ll It Be, Sugar?”
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Sugary Sodas Increase Diabetes Risk—Even In Small Amounts

In case you’re still on the fence about quitting your soda habit, consider this: Drinking just one sugar-sweetened soft drink a day can drastically increase your odds of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a new study published in the journal Diabetologia.

Researchers from Imperial College in London analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), which identified participants with type 2 diabetes and also included how much juices, nectars, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and artificially sweetened soft drinks people in eight countries in Europe consumed. Of all the beverages examined, the sugar-sweetened sodas wreaked the most havoc:  For each additional 12-ounces participants consumed per day, they boosted their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by another 22 percent.

Scary stuff, especially given that about eight percent of the population in the U.S.—around 25.8 million children and adults—already has diabetes. So stop dragging your feet and forget the fizzy drinks already! Or if you’ve already gone soda-free, forward this article to a friend or family member who isn’t to encourage them to follow in your footsteps.

Photo: Hemera/Thinkstock

More from WH:
Do You Have Prediabetes?
15 Celebs with Diabetes
12 Ways to Diabetes-Proof Your Life

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The Food That Slashes Your Diabetes Risk

Next to peanut butter and almond milk, walnuts don’t get much love—but there’s a new reason to stock your nut bowl with them: Eating walnuts could reduce your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, according to a new study published in the Journal of Nutrition.

Researchers analyzed data collected by the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHS II, two separate decade-long studies that tracked the diets and health records of 138,000 women. While all of the participants were disease-free at the beginning of the study, 5,930 of them developed Type 2 diabetes during the 10-year span. Women who ate at least eight ounces of walnuts a month (that’s a little more than two cups of walnut halves) had a 24 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes than the women who rarely ate walnuts. Better yet: Walnut-eaters were also leaner than the women who ate the nuts only on occasion.

While researchers didn’t examine exactly how walnuts fight diabetes, they suspect it has to do with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Walnuts are full of them—and that’s a good thing. After all, past research has shown that PUFAs may reduce insulin sensitivity, which helps reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes, says lead study author An Pan, PhD, research associate in the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. And like other tree nuts, walnuts contain protein, plant sterols, fiber, and antioxidants, which may also play a role in fighting Type 2 diabetes, he says.

A healthy lifestyle may also be what’s helping nut-eaters fend off disease, says Pan. People who consume nuts tend to eat better in general, exercise more, weigh less, and have lower body mass indexes (BMI), he says. Worried about the calorie content of nuts? Don’t be: Previous studies suggest that eating nuts doesn’t lead to weight gain—especially when you choose them over meats or unhealthy foods, says Pan.

So go ahead: Hit up the nut bowl for walnuts a few times a week. Or try one of these tasty recipes, all of which call for the diabetes-fighting food:

Whole-Wheat Walnut-Raisin Rolls

Photo: Thomas MacDonald

 

Low-Carb Chocolate Globs

Photo: Mitch Mandel


Chicken With Walnuts and Spinach

Photo: Jonny Valiant

 Roast Cod With Pomegranate Walnut Sauce

Photo: Con Poulos


Whole Wheat Pasta With Walnuts, Spinach, and Mozzarella

Photo: Mitch Mandel


Stir-Fry Walnut Shrimp

Photo: iStockphoto/Thinkstock

Beet, Apple, and Walnut Salad

Photo: Kate Mathis

Main photo: Hemera/Thinkstock

More from WH:
Diabetes: Do You Know Your Risk?
Nutritional All-Stars of the Nut World
Young, Slim, and Diabetic? Why Fit Women Are At Risk

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Do You Know Your Diabetes Risk?

Have a couple of spare minutes today? Resist the urge to spend them on Cute Overload looking at puppy pics, and use them to find out your chances of developing type-2 diabetes instead. It’s the American Diabetes Association’s Alert Day, which was created to encourage people to take the ADA’s Diabetes Risk Test.

Diabetes affects almost 26 million people in the U.S., or 8.3 percent of the population, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For adults in the U.S., it’s the leading cause of kidney failure, non-traumatic lower-limb amputations, and new cases of blindness. It’s also a major cause of heart disease and stroke.

In 2010, one in three people in the U.S. aged 20 or older had prediabetes, meaning that their blood glucose levels were abnormally high and that they faced a higher risk of getting diabetes. What’s worse: Only 11 percent of the people with prediabetes knew they had the condition, according to a new report from the CDC. In many cases, people with prediabetes don’t experience any symptoms. “That’s why we really advocate that people who are at risk get screening bloodwork done,” says Brandy Panunti, MD, chair of endocrinology at the Ochsner Medical Center in New Orleans.

People who are overweight and sedentary have a higher possibility of developing diabetes, as do African Americans, Hispanic people, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Having a family history of diabetes, having had gestational diabetes, or having given birth to a baby over nine pounds can also increase your risk.

Even if you are on your way to developing diabetes, you can make lifestyle changes to seriously turn things around, says Panunti. The key, of course, is knowing whether you’re at risk. Head to the American Diabetes Association’s website or Facebook page, or call 1-800-DIABETES (1-800-342-2383) to take the Diabetes Risk Test—a quick series of questions about you and your lifestyle—for free. “It’s easy to take,” says Lurelean B. Gaines, the ADA’s president of health care and education. “It’s a matter of minutes.”

You should also speak with a doctor about your odds of developing diabetes, especially if the test results indicate that you’re at risk.

Done with the test? OK, now you can check out those adorable animal pictures.

photo: Stockbyte/Thinkstock

More from Women’s Health:
Diabetes-Proof Your Life
Type 2 Diabetes in Women: Young, Slim, and Diabetic
15 Celebrities with Diabetes

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The Diabetes Danger You Haven’t Heard Of

Come January 1st, many of us will resolve to limit sugar in our diets. Of course, then we’ll spot a donut, and all bets are off. But if there was ever a time to seriously reconsider our consumption of the sweet stuff, now would be it: New research is linking one particular sweetener to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

The sweetener in question is high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which earlier research has suggested is linked to obesity and heart disease. The syrup is sweeter and cheaper than sugar, making it a mainstay for many US packaged snacks and sodas. But now researchers, writing in the journal Global Public Health, warn that more high fructose corn syrup also means more diabetes. They analyzed data from 43 countries and found a 20% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in countries that use it, compared to countries that don’t.

In countries that don’t use HFCS, like India, Ireland, and Sweden, researchers found that type 2 diabetes occurred at an average rate of 6.7%. Big consumers of HFCS, like the US, Hungary, and Canada, had average rates of 8%. The trend existed irrespective of a country’s overall sugar intake or obesity levels.

Might HFCS really be one culprit of diabetes? Study author Michael Goran, PhD, professor of preventive medicine, physiology & biophysics, and pediatrics at the University of Southern California’s Keck School of Medicine, thinks so. HFCS has about 10% more fructose than sucrose, and fructose is metabolized almost solely by the liver. That’s a lot of work for one organ, and Goran says that this extra kick of fructose might contribute to HFCS’s negative metabolic effects.

Goran adds that he sees several big differences between HFCS and sugar. Though both are highly processed, sugar is purified from a natural source, he says. “High fructose corn syrup is processed from corn. It’s also enzymatically converted, so it’s much more synthetic than sugar,” Goran notes. Another difference is that the syrup is a solution, while fructose and glucose are bonded together to form table sugar—potentially meaning that HFCS is more rapidly absorbed by the body.

Even worse, knowing how much HFCS you’re consuming is nearly impossible, since food companies don’t disclose those specifics on food labels.

Already, the research is inciting controversy. The Corn Refiners Association, before the study had even been published, issued a press release critiquing it as “severely flawed.” In particular, HFCS being associated with diabetes doesn’t mean the syrup causes the disease, the association says.

To be fair, many diet and lifestyle factors contribute to diabetes, and more research is required before we can fully understand how they intermingle. But one thing is for sure: We could all probably stand to eat fewer sweets. Here’s how to start:

Ditch the soda Consider this recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine, which found that swapping one sugary beverage for one sugar-free option per day translated to kids gaining 35% less body fat than their peers. Plus, those extra calories from HFCS and sugar don’t make you feel fuller, which can lead to even more eating. (Mulling a diet soda instead? Before you pop the top, read these 7 Side Effects Of Drinking Diet Soda.

Find a sweet substitute Add sweetness, without the sugar or corn syrup, by opting for clever substitutes like grated carrots or organic milk. The subs might seem surprising (beets in brownies?) but trust us—you won’t notice a difference. Check out these 10 Ways To Sweeten Without Sugar for a substitute that’ll suit any recipe.

Exercise Breaking a sweat can help you beat sugar cravings, says Pamela Peeke, MD, MPH, a nutrition expert and author of The Hunger Fix. Even a walk can do the trick, so get moving! (Cold weather is no excuse to skip it! Find out how to Winterize Your Walking Program.)

photo: Comstock/Thinkstock

More from WH:
The Rise of Type 2 Diabetes in Healthy Women
Make Your Own Health Sodas
The Truth About 4 Natural Sweeteners


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The Drink That Lowers Your Risk of Diabetes

 
Worried about your blood glucose levels? Have some tea. In a study of 42 countries, researchers found that higher black tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

Researchers looked at countrywide sales of black tea and compared that data with rates of respiratory, infectious, and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to cancer and diabetes, as reported by the World Health Organization’s World Health Survey.

The research, published online in the journal BMJ Open, found that on average, a population that consumes double the amount of black tea compared to another country about 25 percent fewer cases of diabetes. There was no association with black tea consumption and the other four health indicators.

Swiss research agency Data Mining International and Unilever, the makers of Lipton tea, carried out the study.

“This study is very interesting because it confirms a lot of different, small studies on the health benefits of black tea,” says Ariel Beresniak, Ph.D., chief executive officer of Data Mining International. Previous studies have pointed to evidence that black tea has antidiabetes properties, including that it improves pancreatic function in glucose-intolerant rats.

Want to get the most out of your cup? Follow our guide for the optimal water temperature and steeping time for five kinds of tea.

photo: Zoonar/Thinkstock

 
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Best Teas: 5 Unbeatable Brews
Health Benefits of Green Tea
Tasty Iced Tea Cocktails

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Is Your Boss Giving You Diabetes?

Do you work for a micromanaging blowhole? She’s doubling your chances of developing diabetes.

A recent Canadian study published in Occupational Medicine, found that women who lack control at work are twice as likely to develop diabetes than those who have workplace autonomy. The nine-year study followed 7,443 employees, surveying both their workplace environments and prevalence of diabetes. While none of the participants had diabetes at the start of the study, 6.9% of the women had diabetes by its end.

You don’t have to be the boss to sidestep risk. The researchers define job control as an employees’ ability to fully use your skills and make workplace decisions. Those with high job control tend to be given workplace freedom and responsibilities, while those with low job control are often micromanaged and stifled on the job. While previous research has shown that low job control can increase risk of heart disease in both men and women, this study shows that low job control only increases risk of diabetes in women, not men.

Why Women Are at Risk
While the study didn’t directly investigate why low job control leads to diabetes in women and not men (follow-up studies, anyone?), researchers believe it could have to do with the way men and women respond to stress: Women’s hormonal makeup makes us more likely to turn to unhealthy habits like eating high-fat, high-sugar “comfort foods”. What’s more, women have a tougher time lowering their cortisol stress hormone levels. When levels remain high, this can affect how the body handles sugars and fat which can lead to obesity, a precursor to diabetes, says Kathleen Hall, Ph.D., founder of the Stress Institute.

Another reason could be career choice. Women are less likely to get exercise through their jobs, which can actually reduce stress through the release of endorphins.

What’s a Micromanaged Girl to Do?
“Realize that stress comes from the inside out. You can’t eliminate all of your stressors, but you can change how you respond to them,” says Hall, who notes that the job market has many emotionally-battered employees in a bind. So while you ask—and then wait—for that promotion, focus on managing your stress at work, she says. When your stress hormone levels lower, your body can use its energy for more productive things, like earning that promotion. Just remember: S-E-L-F:

S is for Serenity. “Take your brain somewhere else outside of work,” says Hall. How do you get to your happy place? Go there twice during each workday: Listen to music, practice deep breathing, or look at puppies on Pinterest for 3-5 minutes, says Hall. “The brain absolutely changes immediately,” Hall says. The result? More energy and less stress.

E is for Exercise… and endorphins. Walk the halls, take the stairs, or yoga it up in your cubicle. Walking around every few hours is associated with a 40% reduction in chronic diseases, and can slash stress big time, says Hall. Check out these seated yoga stretches that you can do at work—without too many weird looks from your colleagues.

L is for Love. Call someone during the day for some words of encouragement, says Hall. Studies show that even a 2- to 3-minute phone conversation between meetings can raise feel-good oxytocin and dopamine levels in the brain big time. Both have been linked to better moods and more energy.

F is for Food. “Our five senses get starved at work,” says Hall, who recommends accessorizing your office with everything from pictures and throws to headphones and scented candles (just don’t light them to avoid the wrath of HR). And lucky for those who prefer the sense of taste, food does a lot for a zapped brain. Stock your desk drawer with foods that are high in vitamin B6, such as bananas, seeds, and nuts: they help the body produce mood-boosting, attention-focusing serotonin. Check out more foods that fight stress.

photo: Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Thinkstock

More from WH:
How Stress Affects Your Health
Symptoms of Diabetes
Outsmart Stress Traps

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