The Shocking Truth About Domestic Violence

The World Health Organization just released shocking data from the first comprehensive study of its kind. According to the report, physical or sexual violence affects 35 percent of all women globally. And here’s the worst part: The most common type of abuse is intimate partner violence, with 30 percent of women experiencing physical or sexual abuse at the hands of their own partner.

In an unfortunate reminder that this can happen to anyone, photos released last month show Nigella Lawson, British celebrity chef and author of How to Be a Domestic Goddess, appearing to be choked by her husband, Charles Saatchi, as they sit outside a restaurant. Saatchi was given a caution for assault and later told the London Evening Standard Newspaper that it was a “playful tiff” and that the photos made it seem more dramatic than it was. Though Lawson didn’t press charges, she appeared to be moving out of their home in London last week, reports the New York Daily News.

According to the WHO report, domestic abuse has a huge impact on women’s overall health. The data show that women who experience partner violence are more than twice as likely to experience depression and alcohol abuse. They are also one and a half times more likely to get a sexually transmitted infection and are twice as likely to have an abortion. And since many women seeking treatment for abuse-related injuries don’t identify them as such, this report recommends new clinical and policy guidelines aimed at helping medical professionals to spot injuries that are a result of domestic violence. “The health sector is potentially a very early identification point,” says study researcher Karen Devries, PhD, lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (which released the report along with the WHO). “If healthcare providers have the proper training and support, they should be able to identify some of the underlying causes of the cases they’re seeing.”

If you think you might be in danger, remember these expert tips:

Talk to an advocate
Even if you’re not sure whether you’re in danger, you can reach out to The National Domestic Violence Hotline (1-800-799-SAFE, 1-800-799-7233) to talk through your situation. The service ensures access to a confidential phone call with an advocate who will help you consider your options and talk about the resources available to promote your safety, says Nancy Glass, PhD, associate director for the Center for Global Health at Johns Hopkins. “One thing that makes women hesitant is that they think their only option is a shelter,” says Glass. “By talking with a domestic violence advocate, they can look at all the resources available in their community.”

Find someone you can trust
Whether it’s a friend, family member, coworker, or neighbor, it’s crucial to have someone you can turn to in case of an emergency. It’s even better if you have someone you can confide in who doesn’t know your partner personally (or at the very least, someone whose address your partner is unaware of), says Glass. The key is that your partner shouldn’t be able to find you if you need to stay with the person, says Glass.

Document any injuries
If you have any injuries—physical, mental, or emotional—don’t hesitate to seek medical attention. “Unfortunately, many of our healthcare systems don’t make it clear to women that they can speak out and say that they’re in danger,” says Glass. “What [you] say in that room is going to be confidential, and the providers are going to document it.” Glass suggests asking a doctor or nurse to take pictures of any physical injuries and to take a written statement of who attacked you. “That’s going to help [you] in the future if [you do] go to court or need a restraining order—that it’s documented that [you] did seek care for the injuries,” says Glass.

Trust your instincts
Devries explained that many of the studies on domestic violence ask about specific acts (like slapping, kicking, hitting, etc.) rather than just asking about abuse in general. Why? Abuse can take on many forms, and experts say it can be hard for many victims to realize or accept that they are suffering from physical or sexual violence—especially if it’s at the hands of their partner. But experts agree that your instincts shouldn’t be ignored. “Resources are available and they help a lot, but I think women need to trust themselves when they feel like they’re in danger—that they’re not crazy,” says Glass.

photo: Top Photo Group/Thinkstock

More from Women’s Health:
Signs of an Abusive Relationship
The Crucial New Law That Protects Women
How to Support Women–And Yourself

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The Truth About Fertility After 35

If you’re 30 or older and hope to be a mom one day, then a new story in the June issue of The Atlantic is probably already on your radar. Its much-buzzed-about premise: That baby-making panic among 30-something women is overblown, and the fertility cliff you hit during this decade isn’t as steep as you’re led to believe.

The author, Jean Twenge, tears apart some scary statistics. First, an often-cited 2004 study, which shows that one in three women between 35 and 39 will not be able to conceive on their own, turns out to have been based on data from French births that took place from 1670 to 1830. And rather than fertility dipping at 27 before plunging hard at 35, a study of modern women shows only a 4 percent drop in conception rates from ages 28 to 37, reports Twenge.

Reassuring news, right? Well, not quite. While fertility anxiety for women in their early 30s is probably not warranted, well-established research left out of The Atlantic article shows that your ability to conceive a healthy pregnancy really does decline in your mid-30s.

“Most women who want to be moms in their 30s will be able to get pregnant on their own,” says Alyssa Dweck, an ob-gyn in Westchester, New York, and coauthor of V Is for Vagina. “But some won’t, and that fact can’t be brushed aside.”

What triggers the fertility fail? No matter how young you feel at 35, your eggs are more fragile than they were even a few years earlier. Data from the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) demonstrates this: In analysis done on the embryo transfers that took place in the year 2006, 44.9 percent resulted in live births in women younger than 35 years—compared to 37.3 percent in women 35-37, 26.6 percent in women 38-40, 15.2 percent in women 41-42, and 6.7 percent in women 43-44. When the eggs were donated by healthy young women, however, 54 percent of transfers resulted in live births, no matter what the age of the recipient was (suggesting that eggs become less viable with age).

As you get older, you’re also more likely to deal with health problems that may affect your fertility, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Diabetes, obesity, and even high blood pressure all put a dent in your baby-making ability, says Dweck.

When older moms do conceive, they have higher odds of having a baby with chromosomal damage, which can result in birth defects such as Down Syndrome. They also face an increased risk of  complications in the delivery room, according to a 2007 study that examined data from births between 1980 and 2004 (when more older women started having babies).

The Atlantic article does make some solid points, though. Fertility anxiety may be unintentionally fanned by reproductive specialists who regularly treat fertility-challenged women and don’t take into account all the older moms who pop out a kid problem-free, says Dweck. And the lower bambino rates among post-35 women might be skewed by the fact that in general, older women may be having less sex, she adds.

Finally, the post-35 plunge is just a guideline. Some women will have trouble conceiving in their 20s, while for others, it’ll be smooth sailing past 40. “But since you really can’t predict whether you’ll have problems or not, it’s best to play it safe and start trying to conceive by your early 30s,” says Dweck—if you can, that is.

If you’ve already hit that threshold and your life isn’t settled enough to try for a baby right now, there are some steps you can take to increase your motherhood odds when you are ready. “See your ob-gyn for a pre-conception exam, where she checks your overall health and tests you for conditions that can make it tougher to conceive and carry a child,” says Dweck. “By maintaining good health, you improve your chances of being a mom at any age.”

photo: iStockphoto/Thinkstock

More From Women’s Health:
Should You Get Your Fertility Tested NOW?
Fertility Questions
Fertility Treatments: Is IVF Dangerous?

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